Martin Luther King Jr.: Presentation Script

Expectations of Privacy and the Cellphone

Chris Rock: Tamborine 1) Explain the context of your primary text (what are the various issues at stake, positions people take, and relevance to our discussions?) 2) What’s your thinking so far on that text? (remember that that thinking may change as you conduct your research) 3) Discuss the kinds of research you expect to have to do in order to explore that topic more thoroughly (will you be looking exclusively at scholarly journals? Are there relevant popular resources you may use?). While your particular primary and secondary texts are up to you, everyone must select from within the following three umbrella topics: • The empowerment or disenfranchisement of particular social groups through the use of comedy, including race, class, and/or gender o Consider comics who take on race, class, gender, sexuality explicitly in their work and examine how they engage those topics and to what end. • The rhetorical value of irony o Consider comics like Stephen Colbert who employ irony as their primary method of advancing an argument – what are they able to accomplish through those ends and are there limits? • Rhetorical transgression o Consider comics who “go too far.” What can an examination of how a particular comic has gone too far help us understand our culture and society? What’s the difference between Tig Notaro and Dave Chappelle?

Step one: Read pages 234-243 (included in this document) Step two: Each of the following clips shows one of the confirming or disconfirming communication climates. Watch the clips below (you may find it helpful, if you don’t know the film, to read a quick plot summary on Wikipedia): 1. Sex and the City 2 (Links to an external site.)Minimize Video 2. Good Will Hunting 2 (Links to an external site.)Minimize Video 3. Precious (Links to an external site.)Minimize Video 4. Kramer vs. Kramer (Links to an external site.) 5. THIS IS US (Links to an external site.) Answer the following: 1. Which climate is being shown? (on pages 234-243 below) 2. Is it confirming or disconfirming? (the chart on p. 237 should help you with this) 3. What makes you believe this (i.e. what are the individuals doing to confirm or disconfirm each other as individuals)? 4. For the disconfirming examples, what could the individuals do differently to improve upon their behavior? Be specific in terms of the actions they could take. ***no need for outside references*** ***use the clips and the notes to write your paper*** Your response should be 500-700 words.

Assignment instruction: Identify a model of schooling (experimental education) with which you are familiar and critique it from the perspective of your developing educational aims, values, beliefs and philosophy. The aims of the assignment are: 1. to consider educational aims and values from an international perspective; 2. to clearly articulate your philosophy, aims and values related to education and how these translate into broader school and more specific classroom contexts; 3. to demonstrate criticality in your chosen analysis, justifying your points with thoughtful arguments supported by the literature; 4. to show that you have understood the practical applicability of theoretical constructs in the background reading and to reference accurately this material when you use it in support of your arguments. It is expected that you critique a model of schooling; in order to develop the critical analysis you would need to go beyond providing a descriptive account, engaging critically with the literature to support the arguments made. Please ensure you follow the Harvard Referencing guidelines on accurate formatting. 1) Read the assignment brief carefully and ensure you have a clear focus on that. 2) Read widely and ensure you read recent literature as well as earlier works. 3) Ensure you support the claims you make through references to the literature.

A few ideas for winning : ) ❏ Remember to make a copy of this document. Then change the part that has my name to the college you are in and the semester and year to your name and first initial. ❏ You will turn in this whole document online, not just the answers. I also need the questions : ) ❏ There is no quiz for this section ❏ Read the lecture note carefully in order to answer the questions. Avoid skimming because it makes it more difficult to answer the questions. ❏ If troubled there is a video. ❏ Answer the questions and turn-in. Help video: Video Paul Andersen. Diploid vs. Haploid Cells. Bozeman Science Now, if we shift from the idea that any trait is inherited by a species in a family lineage, AKA Mendel’s first law, the principle law of segregation, we can begin to see some of the other complexity in the basic inheritance model. In this section we will review the idea of genes as opposed to taits. Think of traits as the whole cake and the genes as the precise instructions for how to use, make, and acquire the ingredients for the cake. The cake has traits for certain; the frosting, the decorations, the filling, the bread or cake layers, and the decorations. However, how to get what is needed and how to use it are not easily observed as are the traits. The key concept we are using here is Mendel’s second law of independent assortment. Meaning, we are making the assumption based on previous work that traits are inherited from the parents. Next, we are trying to show how the instructions for a trait exist in independent packs. The independent gene usually works in combination with other genes. To add to complexity genes can be expressed or not. Meaning , a gene may be present but not show, this is referred to as dominance and recessive. As we have learned that cells contain DNA which activates things by using RNA, both are ractive and function to produce and build proteins which do things. The details for production are in the genes. How the genes show are the traits. Simply stated cells contain DNA which uses RNA to build proteins and the information on how to do that are stored in genes as segments of the DNA. The things built are known as traits. Gametes Now, as we continue the exploration of inheritance we have established that cells are micro-machines which store all the things needed for production and function. In this lesson we are demonstrating Mendel’s second law of independent assortment. Hence, we use the cell. There is a special kind of cell, a sex cell, referred to as a gamete, which is either a sperm or an ovum. A sex cell gets one of the of alleles from each parent. An allele is a gene for something but is a variant form. For example, is a gene for sex type is variant because it has a combination of X for male and Y for female. The offspring inherit the genes either xxs and or y from the parents. Consequently the genetic structure for offspring can vary. The X and Y are alleles. It is at times complex to understand genetics but for this course we will explore a few of the ideas. For example, an allele can be viewed with the ABo blood groups. That is, for humans we have three basic and understated alleles for blood; A , B, and o. We have genetic types for blood which are similar but… what is not similar is the specific cell type. They are similar for blood, but not because of what type. They are similar because of the function but not type. Those parts of the gene which code for the type are alleles. There is an added complexity sometimes and rarely, one allele is truly dominant over another. In the expression of genes for humans in the ABo blood groups A and B are codominant. Meaning they coexist on more or less equal standing. However, o type is not dominant and is referred to as recessive. That is, type o is passive to A or B and will not change the blood to type o. This is not too complex so far. However, the truth be told it is far more complex such as when considering the ideas of Rh factors, what parts of a cell or gene are dominant and which are recessive become a more complex puzzle to build. That is, basic Mendelian models for inheritance may not be adequate for resolving more complex issues but it is a start. There are reasons that more complex models need to be considered two are pleiotropy and polygenetics. Meaning that with pleiotropy, one gene can be used as a tool for many effects. Another iswith, polygenetics which uses more than one gene or for any one of many effects. It is not simple to start at the more complex and more accurate models.Therefore, it is useful to start with a two part model (refer to img.Gamete Selection 1 and 2) then to move onto more complex ones (refer to img.Gamete Selection 3) for example a much more complex 3 sets in two part model (refer to img.Gamete Selection 4). However, it is important to note the simple steps are not able to present the complexity of the human genome. Starting with some simple ideas, the genotypes for blood are different from the blood groups. For humans simply and usually blood groups are referred to as A, B, and o. However, the groups are actually made of two alleles for the blood cell. The alleles for A, B, or o types can combine in a two part system. A mother or a father must have at least two alleles but may have the alleles in combination. For example in an ABo blood group, a parent with type A has either genotype from below as a genotype. Both are simply named type A blood group. 1.AA (homozygous dominant) same 2.Ao (heterozygous) different 3.AB (codominant) both show Blood also has other genotypes for example; if one parent has genotype AA blood and the other parent has genotype BB blood then the offspring will get one A from parent one and one B from parent two resulting in type AB blood (codominant) (refer to table1). This shows Mendel’s first law, the principle law of segregation. However, a parent could be A for the blood group but their genotype could be Ao. This complicates the issue because now there are two sex cell options for blood grenotypes from that parent who has Ao alleles for A blood group, not just A but also an allelle for o. Consequently, when we combine parent one with Ao with parent two BB the outcome is less clear because each parent passes on half of their genotype. In the case of parent two it is simply a B because there are no other choices. However, for parent one it is either A or o. Therefore the offspring of the two parents could inherit A, B or o because they are options. Meaning the offspring could be AB (codominant) or Bo (heterozygous). This shows Mendel’s second law of independent assortment that the traits exist in packets which can be transferred to offspring independently. This can be shown in a handy tool known as a Punnett Square (refer to table 1 and table 2). It is used by placing one of the parent’s(p1)genotype in the first column and other parent’s (p2) on the top row. Then using the intersections to predict the genotypic outcome of the offspring. Table 1: Mendel’s principle law of segregation The only outcome is AB which came from the parents Table 2: Mendel’s law of independent assortment Because the alleles for blood A and o are unique, they can be inherited independently. This is true of all alleles. We know that trait alleles have at least two parts for simplified Mendalian genetics. That allows some easy applications. We do not have to use A, B, or o to represent any trait. We can use Aa, Bb, Cc, etc. because uppercase represents dominant and lower case represents recessive. Some prefer to use a letter as an allele which represents the idea for example, T for tall, t for small, etc… All these ideas form together to show the principle law of segregation from Gregor Mendel, that all traits an offspring has comes directly from their parents. Also we show the principle law of independence that; traits can exist as separate from other traits and be passed down to offspring. That being said, offspring get the genetic information from their parents and the parents pass part of the DNA to offspring separate from the whole DNA. A parent passed on part of the DNA through creating sex cells which have half the DNA required for a life. The sex cell is a gamete and comes as either a sperm or an ovum. The process of creating a sex cell is meiosis. When a sex cell is created in meiosis, the parent’s whole cell more or less divides in two cleaving a sex cell with half of the alleles from the parent. Therefore, if only one trait were to be examined (img.Gamete Selection 1) the result in the haploid daughter cells, would be in each of the two sex cells there would be half of the parent DNA; in this case review a parent with Aa (heterozygous) in img.Gamete Selection 1. The parent has a two part sequence which codes for a trait. The trait will express according to the patterns and to the effectiveness of the gene to express itself over others and the frequency with which that gene is expressed and the relationship of the affect and ecology of the individual. A trait does not simply show up, usually. There are many things which contribute to the expression. A person is put together, genetically like a complex machine. In this example we see nuts and bolts which need both parts to be useful (img.Gamete Selection 1). That is, a parent has two parts in connection that are useful but they can only pass one to the offspring meaning half. The other half will come from the other parent. When a sex cell is made there are many complex steps which have been covered already in Cells and DNA section you may also recall the added complexity of crossing-over and mixing of the DNA resulting in many unique sex cells from a single person. Therefore, there are many possibilities for the offspring from a parent because the system assures diversity. In the following drawings the process and result is simplified, in order to be direct and correct about the process of half the genes, passed onto offspring, by way of meiosis, and intercourse. The outcome is potentially limitless and diversity is assured by the process of life and procreation. img.Gamete Selection 1 Given: The parent cell has two parts. One is an A representing a dominant trait. There other is “a” which is a recessive one. The parent cell Aa is (heterozygous) meaning different. img.Gamete Selection 2 Given: The parent cell has two parts. One is a B representing a dominant trait. There other is “b” which is a recessive one. The parent cell Bb is (heterozygous) meaning different. img.Gamete Selection 3 Given: Parent 1starts with a cell which has two more parts. The cell from p1 parent cell Aa is (heterozygous) meaning different. P1(parent 1) has an A representing a dominant trait. There other is “a” which is a recessive one. P1 starts with a cell which has two more parts. The cell from p2 parent cell Bb is (heterozygous) meaning different.The parent cell Bb is (heterozygous) meaning different. P1 has a B representing a dominant trait. There other is “b” which is a recessive one. One is a B representing a dominant trait. There other is “b” which is a recessive one. Noted in the below gamete P1 is far more complex than for 1 trait. Gamete selection is from one parent. In that, a parent only has the One set of DNA. That DNA is divided into two parts or chromatids. Each chromatid has information but can carry different codes for the same thing such as for blood, or height etc. However, traits are simply controlled by one genetic pairing and there are many more genes. The information for genes is coded in 20,000-25,000 genes which work with others genes creating nearly limitless possibilities. Tracking these traits is complex See below if we change from 2 sets of two part traits (refer to img.Gamete Selection 3) to 3 sets of two part traits (refer to img.Gamete Selection 4). Then imagine what 25,000 genes may look like. img.Gamete Selection 4 Answer the following questions. Use the above document only to answer the questions. You can type in the answers if you have made a copy and renamed this document as your own. 1. Is a bubble diagram the same as factoring but using a picture (refer to img.Gamete Selection 1) ? two parts. Yes or no and why? (1 pt) 2. What is in the 2 part code/genotype for sex cell 1 and sex cell 2 (refer to img.Gamete Selection 2)? (1 pt) 3. What is in the 1 part code for sex cell 3 and the 1 part code for sex cell 4 refer to img.Gamete Selection 2)? (1 pt) 4. If P1 has traits of Aa and Bb then what are the outcomes for the codes for the sex cells, list them there are four ( refer to img.Gamete Selection 3). (1 pt) 5. Why are pleiotropy and polygenic potentially issues for Mendalian models? (1 pt) 6. Referring to the drawings in img.Gamete Selection 4; how is the branch matrix (tree) simpler to identify the parts and outcomes compared to drop-down (bubbles) or the modified FOIL method? (1 pt) 7. What ways are there to show math processes other than linear expressions or linear equations seen in this section on gametes? There are 5 choices list 3. (3 pt) 8. Would it be helpful to know/learn other ways to do math rather than only equations? (1 pt)

2pages, double space, 1 inch margins, times new roman, 12 pt font Choose an ethics topic and watch a comedy sketch going over the issue that shares a perspective that you had not known before or explores some perspective you do not agree with. (It may be easier to start by watching comedy sketches you wouldn’t normally and then choose a dilemma they talk about to write on.) How does medium of comedy change what information is exchanged? What are the pros of this? The cons? What did you learn about this perspective or topic?

Assignment 1: Entering the Conversation (15%) Mary Louise Pratt’s “Arts of the Contact Zone” Your Task: Throughout your academic and professional career you will be asked to summarize and respond to materials you engage with in order to “join the conversation.” Your first assignment of the semester asks you to look at Mary Louise Pratt’s “Arts of the Contact Zone” and join the conversation. For this essay, you should: Provide a brief summary of Pratt’s argument. Join the conversation by either agreeing or disagreeing with her argument. Support your position by drawing on personal experiences or observations. Audience: Your audience for this assignment will be your instructor and your classmates, but you should pretend as though no one reading your essay has ever read Pratt’s article. Thus, you should thoroughly represent the text’s main ideas and key points and provide accurate textual evidence throughout. Requirements: To achieve your purpose with your audience, use the following strategies in your essay: Introduce the text and the author at the beginning.. You must select an argument (claim) that Pratt makes, an argument that touches on an issue that you have ideas of your own to advance. You must present this aspect of Pratt’s argument only, and then you must demonstrate to the reader your own argument on the issue(s) it raises. In your rough draft, you need to briefly summarize Pratt’s point via a quotation, and then advance your own argument on the issue that has been raised. It is always good to signal your reader and use reporting verbs such as “Pratt argues/claims/states,” “According to Pratt,” and “for Pratt, the solution appears to be,” etc. Anytime you are summarizing, paraphrasing, or quoting from the article you should note it at the end of the sentence via an in-text citation, as following: (Pratt 537). Formatting guidelines: at least 900 words (all drafts must be at least 900 words in order to get credit – this is equivalent to at least three full pages. Drafts exceeding four pages will lose points for lack of concision), Times New Roman, 12 font, standard margins, double spaced, using MLA format Top right corner of all pages: Your last name and page number Top left corner (1st page only): Your name, professor’s name, Class title, date submitted, who helped you with the essay, if anyone (LRC tutors, name of a Penn State faculty member) Title (1st page only): Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters (Come up with a unique title that reflects your particular essay). Works cited page: The last page of your essay should be a works cited page, which lists the reference for Pratt’s essay. Copy and paste the following reference into your works cited page: Pratt, Mary Louise. “Arts of the contact zone.” Ways of Reading: An Anthology for Writers, edited by David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky, Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002, pp. 604-623.

Please respond to Michael, and Destiny about their post in 2 different paragraphs as if you were me. Not in 3rd person. Minimum 100 words each paragraph. Michael Kenny For this week’s discussion, I am going to focus on providing guidance on making a school safer through utilization of CPTED. The first thing that I would ask the school district to consider, is the installation of cameras all throughout the facility. In my experience, I have found that individuals tend to behave better knowing that the entire school is under constant video monitoring. The pdf from our week 4 reading “CPTED 101: The Fundamentals for Schools,” provides excellent information on how to make new and existing schools safer through CPTED by offering, “three simple concepts: surveillance, access control, and territoriality.” These three concepts would be my next focus in presenting resolutions to their safety concerns for the school. Surveillance refers to the ability of the school personnel to see throughout their school. Can they see who is coming or going? Are there large brick walls that block “hiding spots” or restrict ability for staff to see who is sneaking in or out of the building? If so, those walls should be replaced with windows or slotted gates that provide visibility. Large or overgrown trees and shrubs should be cleared and cut back as well to provide easy viewing inside and around the building. Any areas that may be good hiding spots throughout the building should be removed entirely or, “install convex mirrors to provide visibility around corners” (CPTED 101.pdf). Surveillance also encompasses the lighting throughout the school. There are mixed opinions on wether or not a school should remain well-lit after hours, with some finding that a dark, unlit property provides a deterrence. I would personally suggest that the school be dark after hours and note, “School resource officers have found that good lighting made schools ideal hangouts after hours, while darkness discouraged kids from congregating” (CPTED 101.pdf). I would then advise the school district that access control is an absolute must for their school. All visitors should be directed to a single entrance that can be effectively monitored. All other entrances, to include windows, should be reconfigured, “so that they automatically lock when closed and only serve as emergency exits” (CPTED 101.pdf). An important factor to consider in designing the safety for a school is the necessity to call a lockdown in the event of emergencies, such as active shooter incidents. For this reason, it is very critical that access into the building is reduced to a single point of entry, with the ability for staff to see who is approaching lock down the school with a push of a button if necessary. Clear line of sight from the main office would provide that time and ability to see any threat, and installation of an auto-lock feature and public address system would provide sufficient ability to lock the entrance and signal a lock-down. Lastly, I would advise that territoriality be addressed. This is the process of establishing clear messaging of how the school is managed as well as clearly established boundaries around the property that let someone know they are on school grounds. This can be accomplished through well groomed hedges that line the property and signs that note “no trespassing on school property” after a certain time. In closing, I would advise that providing proper surveillance, access control, and territoriality will will most certainly create a safer environment to the school. Molinari, J. Week 4 reading. (2021, June 15( CPTED 101: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design – The Fundamentals for Schools. Northeastern University Destiny Hamilton When thinking about the violence and trying to ensure that schools are secure and safe, it takes careful planning and time to ensure top notch work to the last detail. Before the pandemic, students faced violence and the schools (some) really did not address the issue appropriately. The violence students faced were bullying, fighting,and cyber bullying. The way many schools were designed, with stairwells, sometimes students could easily walk into a bully who was standing around the corner and be attacked. Others were bold enough to push or forcefully hit the student causing her to fall and receive serious injuries. Fighting takes place in open and closed areas, preferably in closed areas such locker rooms or in the gym after classes were over for the day. Cyber bullying has been a problem that encouraged bullying and fighting. While in school bullies were able to still use the iPads, computers, and even their cell phones to harass and bully others. So with this knowledge, policies can be in place and enforced for those students who use the schools property to bully and/or harass students. Using the IP address for the computer or iPad, it can be traced to the student. Once identification is known, the device should be confiscated and the student expelled. Depending on the severity of the bullying or harassment, other charges can be given because the police can be called in. Many school districts look at this type of behavior when students are not in school as well. It would be recommended to the board and others to revamp the stairwells by tearing down the walls and have open stairs without the walls. The only thing would be the handrails which leaves all open space where everything can be seen. This would be an ideal to plan for building new schools. Another factor to improve or create would be surveillance cameras at everydoor entrance. There should the same type of cameras at the doors inside the gym, cafeteria, even at the outside of these places. To respect the privacy of students cameras would not be inside the bathrooms or locker rooms. However there needs to be some at the entrances. While there are entrances around the schools to be used as fire escapes these doors should be the type that have silent alarm when it is opened or someone props it open for unlawful entrance or exit. The cameras would have the person on camera to help identify the person or persons. There needs to be one entrance to go in and out of the school. Cameras would be in place at each entrance along with metal detectors to pass through. In the office, any person who will be moving through the school will have to get a pass with his or her picture on the pass which is taken after signing in. This is to be worn on the clothing to be seen and identified as having permission to be going to a designated class or area. These are just some thoughts as to how our schools can be made safer.

Readings for Section B: Friedman, T. L. (2017). “Chapter Two: What the Hell Happened in 2007” in Thank You for Being Late: An Optimist’s Guide to Thriving in the Age of Accelerations . Picador/Farrar Straus and Giroux.ActionsHarari, Y. (2018). “Chapter Four: Equality” in 21 Lessons for the 21st Century. New York: Random House.Actions 10. The World is Flat was published in 2005. Once Tom Friedman finished the book he thought he would be able to return to the business of being a journalist, comfortable with the ‘framework’ that he had established. Then 2007 happened and challenged his thinking. How does he explain how the year 2007 altered his “view of how the Machine worked” in his chapter “What the Hell Happened in 2007”?[I encourage you to consult a number of sources when developing your answer. For instance, Tom Friedman’s MIT Compton Lecture (Links to an external site.) [Fall 2018] and his discussion with Yuval Harari “How To Understand Our Times” (Links to an external site.) might be of utility, not just as substance for this and the following questions, but also as useful prompts to consider your own thinking on various ‘questions of our day’).] 11) Friedman draws attention to the following graph (Astro Teller graph) in his chapter “What the Hell Happened in 2007”. 11. Please explain what “we are here” actually means in this graph and using both the writings of Friedman and Harari please outline several risks of being in this position on the graph (Please be thorough with your explanation). 12. Citing Teller, Friedman argues that we are all going to need to learn the “bicycle trick”. What does he mean by this metaphor?

Please answer each question and keep them number so that I know they have been answered. Ethics and Trust in Critical Thinking Decisions 1. Imagine you’re thinking about buying a new car. Before making this important decision, you’ll want to gather as much information as possible to help make the right choice. Determine the level of trust that you would place in information provided by the following sources: a salesman at the car lot, the dealer’s Website, social media (i.e. Facebook), an associate from work, and a close friend. Discuss the key factors involved in assessing the amount of trust that you put into each source. 2. Imagine you’re able to persuade another person. You sincerely believe that your position is 100% right. Explain whether you would slant information in such a way as to make your point(s) seem more credible. Discuss the primary ethical dilemmas that this scenario could cause for both you and the person whom you are trying to persuade. The Value of Critical Thinking 3. First – Give your opinion on whether being an effective critical thinker makes decision making easier or more challenging. Talk about concrete decisions you had to or will have to make. Justify your response. 4. Second – Consider the following statement: “The major difference between a successful person and one that is not successful is that the successful person, over time, tends to make better decisions than the less successful person.” Discuss whether you believe this statement to be true. Explain the fundamental ways in which effectively applying critical thinking concepts has helped you to become more successful.